Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are a class of drugs used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), angina (chest pain), and certain heart rhythm disorders. These medications work by blocking the entry of calcium into the muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels, resulting in relaxation of the blood vessels and a decrease in blood pressure.
There are several types of calcium channel blockers, including dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine. The dihydropyridine CCBs, such as amlodipine, felodipine, and nifedipine, primarily affect the blood vessels and are commonly used to treat hypertension. The non-dihydropyridine CCBs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, primarily affect the heart and are used to treat angina and certain heart rhythm disorders.
Amlodipine, Felodipine, and Nifedipine
Amlodipine, felodipine, and nifedipine are all dihydropyridine CCBs commonly used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). These medications work by blocking the entry of calcium into the muscle cells of the blood vessels, resulting in relaxation and a decrease in blood pressure.
Amlodipine is usually taken once daily and is available in both generic and brand-name versions. Felodipine is also taken once daily and is available in both generic and brand-name versions. Nifedipine is available in both immediate-release and extended-release forms, with the extended-release form being taken once daily.
Side effects of these medications can include dizziness, headache, flushing, and ankle swelling. Ankle edema may improve over time or by swapping to a different type of calcium channel blocker but sometimes does necessitate cessation of the medication as it becomes very troublesome, particularly during warmer months.
Verapamil and Diltiazem
Verapamil and diltiazem are nondihydropyridine CCBs commonly used to treat angina and certain heart rhythm disorders. These medications work by slowing down the electrical conduction in the heart, decreasing heart rate, and relaxing the blood vessels.
Verapamil and diltiazem are available in both immediate-release and extended-release forms. Side effects can include constipation, dizziness, and headache. In rare cases, more serious side effects such as low blood pressure and heart failure may occur.
Conclusion
Calcium channel blockers are a class of medications commonly used to treat hypertension, angina, and certain heart rhythm disorders. Dihydropyridine CCBs, such as amlodipine, felodipine, and nifedipine, primarily affect the blood vessels and are commonly used to treat hypertension. Nondihydropyridine CCBs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, primarily affect the heart and are used to treat angina and certain heart rhythm disorders. As with any medication, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider about the potential benefits and risks of calcium channel blockers and to report any side effects or concerns.